Black Forest - Germany

Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald, pronounced [ʃvaʁt͡svalt]) is a large forest in the mountains of the state of Baden-Wurttemberg in southwestern Germany series. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. Feldberg is the highest peak with a height of 1493 meters (4898 feet). Almost rectangular area with a length of 160 km (99 mi) and breadth of up to 60 km (37 miles).

Black Forest extends from the upper Rhine River in the south to Kraichgau in the north. It is bordered on the west by the upper Rhine plain (which is from the perspective of the natural area, and also includes a series of low hills); in the east as it transitions to the GAO, the bar and the hill country west of Klettgau. Black Forest is the highest part of the southern German Scarplands wooded and many of them are overcrowded. It consists of crystalline rocks of the basement and Bunter sandstone natural border with the surrounding landscape consists of the appearance of muschelkalk, which is absent from the foundation of the Black Forest. Thanks to the soil, which depends on the basic rock fertility, and this line is all of the border vegetation, as well as the border between Altsiedelland ( "the territory of ancient settlements") and the Black Forest, which did not settle permanently until the High Middle Ages. From north to south of the Black Forest stretches for more than 150 kilometers, achieving widths up to 50 kilometers in the south, and up to 30 kilometers in the north. Tectonic extent constitutes a bloc lifted a mistake, and that significantly higher in the west of the Rhine River Plain Supreme, while viewed from the east has the appearance of a dense forest plateau.

Geomorphologically, the main division is between the gentle slopes of East with hills mostly rounded plateaus and large (so-called relief Danube, especially prominent in the north and east of the Bunter sandstone) and deeply incised, and fell sharply terrain in the west to fall in the Rhine Graben the upper river. The so-called Valley of the Black Forest (Talschwarzwald) with relief Rhenanian her. Hence, in the West, where there are the highest mountains and the greatest local variations in height (up to 1000 meters). Valleys are often narrow and Wade like. But rarely basin-shaped. Summit is rounded and there are also remnants of the hills and the terrain like a rocky outcrop in the mountain.

Geology is also clear division between East and West. Large areas of the eastern Black Forest, the lowest layer of the southern German Scarplands composed of Bunter sandstone, covered by coniferous forests seemingly endless trees with their island. The basement is exposed in the West, mostly composed of metamorphic rocks and granite, although the terrain rugged, easier to settle, and it seems more open and inviting a lot of the day with a variety of valleys in a meadow.

The most common method of zoning in the Black Forest, however, from north to south. Until the 1930s, was the division of the Black Forest in the north and south of the Black Forest, the border being a valley line Kinzig. Later in the Black Forest division in the heavily forested northern forests black, low, the central section, and are mostly used for agriculture in the valleys, black East and much higher south of the Black Forest with a distinctive economy highlands ice age and the forest glacial relief. The term of the High Black Forest referred to the finest South and South-East regions of the Black Forest.

The borders drawn, however, is quite different. In 1931, Robert Gradmann called the Black Forest East catchment area of ​​Kinzig in the west section of less Elz and Kinzig tributaries Gutach area. It uses practical division, directed not only on the natural and cultural areas, and cross the most important valleys. Therefore, it is bordered by the Black Forest East by the Kinzig in the north line of the Deir Dreisam area Gutach in the south, corresponding to the area in Bonndorf Graben and the path of this day with 31.

In 1959, along Rudolph Metz previous divisions, and proposed a tripartite division of the same amendment, which combines natural and cultural regional approach, and was used on a large scale. It is bordered his East Black Forest in the north by the watershed between Acher and Rench and then between Murg and Kinzig or Forbach and Kinzig, in the south by the area in Bonndorf Graben, limiting the Black Forest in the east as it does Freudenstadt Graben to the north before turning to the north of the Black Forest .

A Guide to the people of the region and natural in Germany, published by the regional geography Federal Office (BUNDESANSTALT FÜR Landeskunde) since the early 1950s the Black Forest names as one of the six major landscape areas the level of higher education in the region high level of Scarplands southern German and at the same time, one of the nine master unit sets a new scene. It is divided into six so-called main units (level 4 Landscape). The development of this division and modified in several publications Khalifa (1: 200,000 and individual paper map) until 1967, covering each door separately from the map. It was also divided the mountain range into three areas. The northern border of the Black Forest East in this category runs south from the valley Rench and near to Kniebis Freudenstadt. On the southern border will vary with each edition.

In 1998, the Ministry of Baden-Württemberg published State Environmental Protection Administration (today Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Baden-Württemberg for the environment, space and nature protection) Task Force modified natural area of ​​Baden-Wurttemberg. Limited to the level of major regional units of natural and has been used since the State Administration for Nature Conservation.

Black Forest hills (Hoarswald- Randplatten, 150) form a geomorphologically plateaus in the north and north-eastern periphery of the mountains that descend to the Kraichgau in the north and landscapes Heckengäu in the east. And incised by valleys, especially those of the system Nagold River, to interfluves individual. North West narrow finger extends beyond the near ENZ in Neuenburg and also abuts the middle reaches of the garment to the west as far as the point directly above in Ettlingen. To the south and west by the adjacent woods and black Grinden ENZ Hills (Grindenschwarzwald und Enzhöhen, 151), and along the upper reaches of ENZ and Murg, which form the heart of the northern Black Forest. It consists western part of the northern Black Forest to the north of the black Valleys jungle (Nördliche Talschwarzwald, 152) with the middle reaches of the Murg about Gernsbach, and of course East from OOS to Baden-Baden, the middle reaches of the Bühlot above Bühls the upper reaches of the Rench about Oppenau. From the valleys out of the mountain range are all geared towards the northwest.

Middle of the Black Forest (153) is mainly confined to the catchment area of ​​the river Kinzig above Offenburg as well as Schutter and low hills north of Elz.

In the south-east of the Black Forest (Südöstliche Schwarzwald 0.154) and consists mainly of the watershed of the upper reaches of the headstreams Danube regions, and Brigach and BREG, as well as the valleys left side of Wutach North Feiner - thus draining from the north-east of the southern Black Forest. To the south, west and adjacent by the High Black Forest (Hochschwarzwald of 0.155), with the highest peaks in the full range around the Feldberg and Belchen. In the eastern part, the southern Black Forest plateau, is oriented towards the Danube River, but drained through Wutach and robe to the Rhine River. Is the definitive summit of the Southern Black Forest in the west strongly from the Rhine to the many hills. Right on the spot from Wiese above the city of Lörrach table Bunter stone Alerji- rises relatively small Weintenau plateau (Weitenauer Bergland Rotliegendes) in the far south-west of the Black Forest. Morphologically, geologically and climatically it is separate from the other parts of the southern Black Forest and, in this category, also calculated as part of the High Black Forest.

At 1493 meters above sea level (NHN) and Feldberg in the southern Black Forest is the group's highest summit. Also in the same area are Herzogenhorn (1415 m) and Belchen (1414 m).

In the mountains of southern or upper Black Forest are higher than those in the north of the Black Forest. The highest summit of the northern Black Forest Freiborg- Höllental Neustadt Street line is Kandel (1,241.4 m). Such as the highest point in the north of the Black Forest, and Hornisgrinde (1163 m), or south of the Black Forest mountains, monitor, and Schauinsland (1,284.4 m) and Blauen (1,164.7 m) it is located near the western edge of the group.

Since his appearance upper Rhine Graben River during the Eocene era, has uplifted the shoulders of two on both sides: the Black Forest to the east and to the west the regiment. In the center of the volcano Kaiserstuhl which dates back to the Miocene located. In the ages that followed, and the erosion of the Mesozoic platform heights to a large extent, apart from the remnants of the sandstone bunter and rotliegendes, but he survived it within Graben itself. During the modern era occurred bulge clear, but uneven, which affected especially the southern Black Forest, including Feldberg. As a result, the upper surface of the basement in the northern part of the forest around the Hornisgrinde is much lower. In the middle of the Black Forest, Alqaarh appeared Fold concave tectonics of the Kinzig and Murg.

Geological and formed the basis for the Black Forest region of the crystalline base of the basement Variscan. It covers the east and northeast of sandstone slabs bunter, the so-called platforms. On the western edge of the descending, step-like mistake, the foot of the Rhine Graben upper limits, which consists of rocks of the Triassic and Jurassic age area.

Prevailing in the basement gneiss rocks (bone and paragneisses, in the south also Almjmmeltat rocks and diatexites, e. G. On Schauinsland and Kandel). This gneiss was penetrated by a number of granitic bodies during the Carboniferous period. Among the largest of which is Triberg granite and granite Forbach, the youngest is Bärhalde granite. In the south lies Badinuellr- Lenzkirch area, which has been preserved rocks old life (volcanite and sedimentary rocks), which are interpreted as remnants of a collision intercalated microcontinental. Still well in the southeast (about Todtmoos) is a collection of strange inclusions: gabbro from Ehrsberg, Alserbntnat and Alberrocsnet near Todtmoos, norite near Horbach), which are probably the remains of the accretionary wedge of continental collision. It should also be noted basins in rotliegendes, for example Schramberg or basin Baden-Baden, with, thick in places, quartz porphyry and paintings tuff (exposed, for example, on a rock massif Battert near Baden-Baden). Rock rotliegendes thick happens, through bunter covered, as well as in North Dinkelberg mass (several hundred meters thick in the geothermal wells Basel). Beyond that to the south-east, under the Jura, located in the northern Swiss Permocarboniferous basin.

Above the crystalline basement north of the Black Forest and neighboring parts of the Central Black Forest rises sandstone platforms bunter in prominent steps. Most resistant surface layers on the ground, stepped from the highlands grinden highlands around the upper reaches of ENZ, which severely eroded streams from Murg, is the main silicified conglomerate (Middle Bunter). To the east and north are nappes of the upper Bunter (sandstone platten red clay). South Kinzig sandstone area bunter narrows on the sidelines in the eastern part of the mountain range.

And it is proven to be the Black Forest was icy significantly during the peak periods of ice ages and Reese tumor, at least. (Up to about 10,000 years). This glacial geomorphology characterizes almost all the High Black Forest as well as the main ridge of the northern Black Forest. Moreover, it is the only noticeable from a large number of glaciers facing mainly northeast. Especially in this direction snow accumulated on the shaded slopes of the plateau provides a summit of the formation of glaciers Circus short that made the sides of these depressions in the form of repression. There are still some old tarns in the ice, partly as a result of human height of the low side lips of the circus, such as Mummelsee, Wildsee, Schurmsee, Glaswaldsee, Buhlbachsee, Nonnenmattweiher and Feldsee. And Tasty as glacial lake formed behind ice rubble.

Climatically mountain range varies from the surrounding countryside in the presence of low temperatures and increased rainfall. Featuring the Black Forest rain that falls on a regular basis throughout the year Heights. However, temperatures do not fall evenly with increasing height, nor does it increase the rainfall uniformly. Instead, heavy rising rapidly even in low-lying areas and disproportionately heavy burden on the west side of the mountains Rainier.

The wettest areas of the highlands around the Hornisgrinde in the north and around the Belchen and Feldberg in the south, where annual rainfall reaches 1.800 to 2.100 mm. Western Atlantic unload loaded with moisture on the rain so much as is the case in the north of the Black Forest, despite the low height, than in the upper region of the southern Black Forest. There, acting as a shield regiment rain in the face of the prevailing wind. On the east side of the exposed Black Forest Central, it is drier again. Thus, the annual precipitation rate here is only about 750 liters / square meter in some places.

Thermally, it characterized by elevations of the Black Forest, a relatively small annual fluctuations and extreme values ​​on steam. This is due to light winds and frequent cloud cover increase this summer. During the winter months, frequent high pressure means that the peaks are often bathed in the light of the sun, while the valleys disappear under a thick blanket of fog as a result of air pockets cold (the temperature of the heart).

In ancient times, and was known as the Black Forest Mons Abnoba, after the Celtic god, Abnoba. In Roman times (Late Antiquity), called Marciana Silva name ( "Forest Marcynian", from the Germanic word Marca = "border"). Probably represents the Black Forest in the border region of Marcomanni ( "border people") who settled eastern Romania citric acid. They, in turn, was part of the Germanic tribe of suebi, who presented later in their name to the historic state Swabia. With the exception of Romania settlements in the vicinity (such as bathrooms in Badenweiler, mine near Badenweiler and Sulzburg) and construction of the Roman road from Kinzigtalstraße, it has not been implemented colonization of the Black Forest by the Romans, but by the Alemanni. First settled and colonized the valleys, and cross the border the old settlement, the so-called "border red sandstone," for example, from the bar area. Shortly thereafter, he was under the colonial highlands increasingly neighboring forests, so that by the end of the 10th century, it is possible that the first settlements in the area of ​​red sandstone (bunter). These include, for example, Rötenbach, which was mentioned for the first time in 819.

Some uprisings (including Bundschuh movement) that preceded the German Peasant War, originated in the 16th century from the Black Forest. More peasant uprisings disturbances in the form of rock salt, and took place over the next two centuries in the Hotzenwald.

The remains of military fortifications dating back to the 17th century and the 18 and can be found in the Black Forest, especially on the mountain pass. Examples include fieldworks Baroque multiple of Margrave Louis William of Baden-Baden or individual defensive positions, such as re-doubt Alexander, and Röschenschanze and Redoubt Swedish (Schwedenschanze).

Originally, the Black Forest was a mixed forest of deciduous trees and fir - see the history of the forest in Central Europe. In the highlands fir tree grew, too. In the middle of the 19th century, the Black Forest, which almost completely removed from the dense forests and cultivated later, mostly with spruce monocultures.

In 1990, and caused extensive damage to forests through hurricanes Vivian and Wiebke. At December 26, 1999, Hurricane Lothar broke through the Black Forest and caused greater damage, especially in spruce monocultures. As happened in the wake of storms in 1990, it was kept large amounts of trunks of deciduous trees in the temporary wet storage areas for years. And it showed the effects of the storm path Luther, educational and adventure trail in the forest in the middle of nature Ruhestein on mountain timber of about 10 hectares, which was destroyed by the hurricane forests.

Several areas of damage caused by storms, large and small, and left to nature and has evolved today to a mixed forest of natural again.

The main industry of the Black Forest is tourism. Black Forest Tourism resides there are about 140,000 jobs directly full-time in the tourism sector and about 34.8 million tourist stay overnight in 2009.

In the spring and summer and networks of hiking and biking through a broad fall to enable the various target groups to use the region's natural. They include winter sports on both the north and to the bottom of the ski that there are many facilities.

Bryce Canyon - Bryce - Utah

Bryce Canyon National Park / braɪs / is a national park located in southwestern Utah in the United States. The main feature in the garden Bryce Canyon, which despite its name, is not a canyon, but a group of huge natural terraces along the eastern side of the plateau Paunsaugunt. Bryce distinctive due to geological structures called hoodoos, formed by frost erosion factors and stream erosion of the river and lake bed sedimentary rocks. And Ualbrtqala, red and white colors of the rocks provide spectacular views of the visitors to the park. Bryce sits at an altitude much higher than the national park close Zion. Edge in Bryce varies from 8,000 to 9,000 feet (2400 to 2700 m).

Has settled in Bryce Canyon pioneers Mormon area in the 1850s, and was named after the surrounding Bryce Canyon area became Ebenezer Bryce, who homesteaded in the area in 1874. National Monument in 1923 and classified as national park in 1928. The park covers 35,835 acres ( 55,992 square miles 0.14502 hectares, 145.02 km2) and receives relatively few visitors compared to the national Park Zion and Grand Canyon, largely due to the remote location.

Bryce Canyon National Park is located in southwestern Utah about 50 miles (80 km) northeast and 1,000 feet (300 m) higher than Zion National Park. Weather in Bryce Canyon and thus colder, the park receives more rain: a total of 15 to 18 inches (380-460 mm) annually. The annual temperatures vary from a minimum of 9 ° F (-13 ° C) in January to an average maximum of 83 degrees Fahrenheit (28 degrees Celsius) in July, but the extreme temperatures ranging from -30 to 97 degrees Fahrenheit ( -34 to 36 degrees Celsius). The record high temperature in the park 98 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius) on July 14, 2002. The record low temperature -28 degrees Fahrenheit (-33 degrees Celsius) in the December 10, 1972.

National Park is located within the geographical Colorado Plateau province in North America and is located on either side of the south-eastern edge of the plateau west Paunsaugunt Paunsaugunt error (Paunsaugunt are tribes Piot's "home of the beaver"). The arrival of visitors to the park from the plateau park and look at the edge of the plateau towards the valley contains an error and the Paria River just behind it (Parrilla is Piot tribes for "muddy water or elk"). Kaiparowits plateau on the edge of the limits of the other side of the valley.

Bryce Canyon was not formed from corrosion started from the mainstream, and that means it's technically not a valley. Instead headward erosion has been digging in the form of great features included in the rocks between the ages of Cenozoic of Paunsaugunt plateau. This erosion exposed delicate and colorful pinnacles called hoodoos that up to 200 feet (60 m) high. A series of terraces stretching more than 20 miles (30 km) north to south within the park. Brice is the largest amphitheater, which is 12 miles (19 km) long, 3 miles (5 km) wide and 800 feet (240 meters) deep. A recent example from the stands with a banshee in the same formation, but at high altitude, in the Cedar Breaks National Monument, which is 25 miles (40 km) to the west on the Markagunt Plateau.

Rainbow points, the highest part of the park in 9105 feet (2775 m), is at the end of the campaign the scenic 18-mile (29 km). From there, the Aquarius Plateau Tower, Bryce runway, Henry Mountains, vermilion cliffs white cliffs can be seen. Where they leave the park in the north-eastern section Yellow Creek, it is the lowest part of the park in 6620 feet (2020 m).

Not much is known about early human habitation in the Bryce Canyon area. According to archaeological surveys Bryce Canyon National Park and Paunsaugunt plateau that people were in the area for at least 10,000 years. Found artifacts basket maker Anasazi several thousand years old south of the park. Also found on other works of art from the Redskins period Anasazi and Fremont culture (even mid-century 12TH).

Piot transfer Indians tribes in the valleys and hills surrounding the area surrounding the same time that other cultures left. These Indians hunted and gathered for most of its food, but also supplement their diets with some agricultural products. Piot put tribes in the mythology surrounding area hoodoos (pinnacles) in Bryce Canyon. They believe that people were banshee legend-turned-conman Coyote on the stone. At least one of the older tribes said Piot culture called hoodoos Anka-ku-one was in intelligence, the tribes Piot for "red painted faces."

It was not until the late 18th and early 19th century that European Americans first discovered in a remote area and difficult to access. Mormon scouts visited the area in the 1850s to measure its ability to agricultural development, and the use of grazing, and settlement.

He was at the top of the first major scientific expedition in the region by the US Army Major John Wesley Powell in 1872. Powell, along with a team of maps and geologists makers who surveyed the area Sevier and Virgin River as part of a larger study of the hills of Colorado. Keep mapmakers him many places tribes Piot names.

It came small groups of Mormon pioneers tried to settle east of Bryce Canyon along the Paria River. In 1873, the company Kanarra cattle began to use the area for grazing cattle.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints sent Scottish immigrant Ebenezer Bryce and his wife Mary to settle land in the valley Parrilla because they believe that his carpentry skills to be useful in the region. Bryce family chose to live right below Bryce Canyon amphitheater. Bryce graze his cattle inside what is now the park boundary, and thought also believed that the stands were "very remarkable place to lose a cow." And also built a road to the plateau to retrieve firewood and timber, and an irrigation canal water his crops and animals. Soon it began to other settlers to call an unusual place "Bryce Canyon", which was formalized later in Bryce Canyon.

A combination of drought, overgrazing, and flooding led eventually Paiutes for the remainder of the region and pushed the settlers' attempt to build a canal to divert water from the River Sever exchange. When these efforts failed, most of the settlers, including the Bryce family, left the area. Bryce moved his family to Arizona in 1880. The remaining settlers digging a trench 10 miles (16 km) from the fork ambassador] in the east in the valley over.

These areas have been described scenic for the first time to the public in magazine articles published by rail Pacific Union Pacific and Santa Fe in 1916. People like Forest Supervisor J. George Humphrey, which reinforced the natural wonders of the stands Bryce Canyon, and by 1918 the materials distributed at the national level has helped also stir up interest. However, the difficulty of reaching the remote area and the lack of places to visit to a minimum stay.

Ruby Syrett, Harold Bowman, and the Perry brothers later built modest housing, and set up a "tour" of the region services. Syrett served later as the director of the first post office of Bryce Canyon. Visit steadily, and 1920 s in the Pacific early Railroad Union became interested in expanding rail service area in southwestern Utah to accommodate more tourists.

At the same time, became the preservation of the environment are alarmed by the damage overgrazing and logging, visit the organization is having on the fragile features of Bryce Canyon. They have a protected area movement began soon, The Director of the National Park Service, Stephen Mather's proposal to Bryce Canyon that are in a state park. Utah Governor and legislature of the state of Utah, however, pressed for the protection of national in the region. Mather relented and sent a recommendation to President Warren Harding, who on June 8, 1923 Bryce Canyon declared a national monument.

It was built the same year the road on a plateau to provide easy access to the expectations in the stands. From 1924-1925, The Bryce Canyon Lodge is built from local timber and stone.

Members of Congress began work in the United States in 1924 to lift the state protection of Bryce Canyon National Monument American Memorial National Park to establish Utah National Park. The process began by Parks Utah company led to the transfer of private land ownership and controlled by the state in the monument of the federal government in 1923. The last of the land in the proposed park boundaries have been sold to the federal government after four years, and in the February 25, 1928, was established in Bryce Canyon national Park renamed.

In 1931, President Herbert Hoover annexed South Park vicinity, and in 1942 an additional 635 acres (257 hectares) was added. Thus, the total area of ​​the park to the current figure of 35,835 acres (14,502 hectares). Was finished edge of the road, and drive scenic still used today, in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Park management was conducted from neighboring Zion National Park until 1956, when he began the first director of Bryce Canyon work.

He was named the USS Bryce Canyon of the park and served as a supply and repair ships in the US Pacific Fleet from September 15, 1950, to June 30, 1981.

Bryce Canyon Natural History Association was founded (BCNHA) in 1961. The library runs inside the park visitors center, a non-profit organization established to assist the interpretive and educational and scientific activities of the National Park Service in Bryce Canyon National Park. And donate a portion of the profits from the sales of the bookstore to the units of the territory.

In response to increased traffic and traffic jams, the National Park Service so implemented, summer only, and the system of voluntary shuttle in a park in June 2000. In 2004, he began rebuilding the aging and inadequate road network in the park.

Glow worm cave New Zealand

Jlorm attract Waitomo Caves is a cave in Waitomo on North Island of New Zealand, known for its population of glowworms, Arachnocampa luminosa. It has been found on these types exclusively in New Zealand. They are about the size of a mosquito average. This cave is part of the Waitomo Caves system includes Ruakuri Cave and Aranui Cave.

Gravity has a modern visitor center at the entrance, largely designed in wood. There the organization, which includes a boat ride under the glowworms rounds.

The name "Waitomo" comes from the Maori words and Wi water and Tomo, a hole or shaft. Local Maori people known for its caves and was for some time before the local Maori chairman Tin Tinorau and English surveyor Fred Mace, has not conducted exploration and large-scale exploration in 1887 with the light of candles on the catamaran to go into the cave where the stream goes under the ground. That is now out of the cave. As they began their journey, they came across Gelowoorm Jeita and was amazed by the glare coming from the ceiling twinkling. As he traveled to more cave poling themselves about the bridge, and they were also astounded by the limestone formations. These formations surrounded them in all shapes and sizes.

Returned several times later discovered independently Tin president, upper level entrance to the cave, which is now the current entrance. Tin Tinorau and his wife Huti, 1889, opened the cave to visitors and were leading the groups for a small fee. Cave and taken by the management by the government in 1906 after there has been an escalation in vandalism. In 1910, it was built Waitomo Caves hotel to accommodate the many visitors.

In 1989, and returned to the earth and cave descendants President Tin Tinorau and Huti. They now receive a percentage of the proceeds from the cave and participate in the management and development of the cave. These descendants include many of the workers in the caves today.

Geological and volcanic activity has created about 300 limestone caves known in the region Waitomo during the past 30 million years.

The formation of limestone caves in Waitomo Gelowoorm occurred when the area was still under the ocean about 30 million years ago. It consists of limestone from fossilized corals, seashells, fish bone structures, many small marine organisms on the sea bed. Over millions of years, these classes have been fossilized rocks on each other, and the pressure to create the limestone in the region Waitomo limestone can be more than 200 meters thick.

Caves began to form when a movement of the earth and limestone is hard to bend and buckle under the ocean and rises above the sea floor. Rocks also hit in the air, and the separation and creating cracks and weaknesses that allowed the water to flow through limestone solution and over millions of years formed Caverns.

Grown stalactites, stalagmites and other cave formations of water dripping from the ceiling or flowing on the walls, leaving behind the limestone. Stalagmites form the top of the ground, when the form stalactites from the ceiling. When a connection these formations are called columns or columns If they twist around each other, they called helicti. These decorations cave take millions of years to form, given that the average stalactites grow one cubic centimeter every 100 years.

The most famous animal in the cave is Gelowoorm Arachnocampa luminosa. There are many small lakes under the earth, which was created by the freshwater streams or brooks, which is home to New Zealand snakes longfin.

And cover the walls of the caves with a variety of fungi, including the flower cave (a distant relative to the genus Oyster) which is actually a type of fungus such as mushrooms. The most common insects in caves animals. This includes the white giant cave crickets and ants, and of course glowworms.

That guarded glowworms of the Waitomo Caves Gelowoorm closely by the Scientific Advisory Group. Automated this group of equipment that continuously monitors air quality, especially carbon dioxide levels and the rocks and the air temperature and humidity. The data from this equipment carefully analyzed by specialized personnel. Advisory Group uses the information to create how it should be managed in the cave. They determine whether and when to change the air flow patterns and the number of people who are allowed to visit the caves each day.

Guided tours through the caves of Waitomo Gelowoorm brings the visitor through three different levels and start at the top level of the cave and the catacombs. And linked to levels that Tomo, a 16 m vertical shaft made of limestone. And it called on the second level and banquet room. This level where visitors stopped in the early to eat and there is no evidence of this in the smoke at the ceiling of the room. From here it may be possible to reach the top level to see the formation of the largest and called for the pipe organ, but in busy days, this area is closed to the public because the accumulation of carbon monoxide may be hazardous.

The third and final level goes down inside the cathedral, a demonstration platform and pier. The cathedral is a closed area with rough surfaces, the cradle of now, about 18 meters high, giving it a good acoustics. A number of famous singers and choirs have performed here including Ms. Kerry T Kanawa.

And conclude the tour with a boat ride through the Gelowoorm Jeita. Visiting the boat takes on Waitomo underground river where the only light comes from a small glowworms creating living sky lights.

Located Gelowoorm Waitomo Caves in the southern North Island of New Zealand Waikato District, 12 km from Te Kuiti northwest. This cave is about 2 hours south of Auckland, 1 hour south of Hamilton, and 2 hours west of Rotorua by car. Orientations aimed at caves are out of State Highway 3 at Waitomo Caves Road and continue on the road for about 8 km.

Glass Beach - California - USA

There are many beautiful and excellent places in different countries. Many awesome and beautiful places in the world. Here we describe one of the beautiful place in the world. Most beautiful places in the world. The natural beauty is to combat matches. Pakistan has the world's most beautiful to visit, especially in the peak in the Northern Areas of Pakistan and Kashmir places the region. This part of the country famous all over the world because of the high mountains and green valleys and the sky, rivers and beautiful lakes and wildlife spectacular. All of these places are real natural beauty in the world. Here then a list of the best natural places to visit. Naturally beautiful places in all the different countries that are not found on these beautiful places around the world.

The world is full of amazing things to see, both natural and synthetic. There are a lot of wonderful and amazing historical sites built by ancient civilizations, and sometimes it is difficult to reduce what is best. Think of all the lists of historical wonders there are and how they differ in some cases. Each has its own, including me.

Here are my favorite historical sites and I think that every traveler should try to visit at some (stage or do not do, and that depends on you, but I think you should do it). The history of these ruins and says is part of the history of mankind, and this is why I love the best.

Glass Beach Beach in MacKerricher State Park near Fort Bragg, Calif., Which is abundant in sea glass created from years of dumping garbage to the coast near the northern part of the city.

In 1906, Fort Bragg residents established a formal water dump site behind the Union Wood Company on what is now known as "Site 1". Most of the communities faced water dumps water renounce glass, hardware, and even vehicles. The locals referred to as "dumps". It was often lit fires to reduce the size of the trash pile.

When the original landfill filled in 1943, the site was moved to what is now known as "Site 2", an active landfill from 1943 until 1949.

When this beach filled in 1949, has been transferred to the dump north of what is now known as the "beach glass", which has been active on the dump site until 1967.

Closed control California's water resources and the leaders of the city council in this area in 1967. The different cleaning programs conducted over the past correct the damage. Over the next few decades, it was biodegradable in landfills simply degraded and removed at the end of the day all the minerals and other substances and sold as scrap or used in the art. Bouts bombing down the glass, pottery and Haute those pieces in a smoother small colored blocks, which often become quality jewelry, which covers Glass Beach and other beaches two glass (formerly dumps) at Fort Bragg.

There are three sites Glass Beach in Fort Bragg, where the garbage dump in the ocean between 1906 and 1967. The second location (1943-1949) and three (1949-1967 - "Beach Glass") and is located at the end of the path that starts on the corner of Elm Street and glass engine Beach . These sites can be reached on foot and a short climb down the cliffs surrounding the beach. One site (1906-1943) is 1/4 mile south of the second site became accessible on foot as of January 2015 when he opened the door of the northern coastal New Trail in Fort Bragg.

In 1998, the private owner of the property began the process for a period of five years of work with the preservation of coastal California and the Council of the California Integrated Waste Management to clean up and sell the property to the state. After completion of the cleaning, and the California Department of Parks bought and entertainment on 38 acres (15 hectares) property Glass Beach, and was integrated MacKerricher State Park in October 2002.

Most of the actual "beach glass", Site 3, is "adjacent" to the State Park MacKerricher. All entities in California ends in the average high-water mark (MHW), in accordance with Article 10 of the Constitution of the state. Fort Bragg, and the mean high water mark is 5.2 ", and most of the Glass Beach is less than that watermark.

Sites 1 and 2 are located to the south of the "Glass Beach" does not abut the state park area, even though they abut the new garden area of ​​the city, which also expire in the average high-water mark (MHW).

Now visit the beach by the tens of thousands of tourists annually. It is discouraged in the collection of "beach glass" section within and adjacent to the state park, despite the fact that most sea glass now found on beaches outside the glass the other two state park area.

About 1000 to 1200 tourists who visit the beaches of Fort Bragg glass every day in the summer. Most of the collection of some of the glass. Because of this, and also because of natural factors (the movement of the waves and grinding down the bottom of the glass), and glass slowly declining. Currently there is movement by Captain c e (Cass) Forrington to replenish beaches with glass disposal. At December 10, 2012, the city of Fort Bragg City Council discussed the depletion of beach glass and refused to proceed with the renewal efforts because of the cost and perceived the possibility that required permits will not be approved.

Cinque Terre - Rio Maggiore - Italy

It is quite sure that the origins of Riomaggiore back to the eighth century when the inhabitants of the Vara valley, searching a milder to raise grapevines and olive trees without the fear of pirate attacks, they headed towards the coast climate. The city rises along the ridges overlooking the sea and is characterized from the typical stone houses with colorful facades and slate roofs.

The town of Riomaggiore presents typical characteristics that reflect its history and traditions.

The city extends along a vertical axis where steep stairs are the only way to get around the city.

Typical houses have one or two towers soil in order to use in the best place in the arrangement.

The first historical traces date back to 1239, when the inhabitants of the feudal district of Carpena entered the Society of Genovese.

Only in 1343 Riomaggiore became independent as municipality and administration, and during Napoleon's age also absorbed the town of Manarola, whose historical roots are even older than Riomaggiore itself.

Guardiola Tower, now a natural park, once was one of the best equipped in the area strengths.

The church of San Juan Bautista dates from 1341, and its facade was rebuilt in neo-Gothic style in 1820. Also the parish church of San Lorenzo dates back to 1338, has a Gothic facade.

The castle of Riomaggiore (15th and 16th century) stands on a rocky crag dividing the oldest part of the city from which it is placed near the train station.

Not far from a group of houses on the hill of Cerrico, it is the castle, a fortress dating from the 13th century and from where you can enjoy a wonderful view over the sea.

In the highest part of town is the parish church of San Juan Bautista built in 1340 by the Bishop of Luni, Antonio Fieschi. Down the road from the Sanctuary you can reach the oratory "dei Disciplinati" (16th century), very interesting for the paintings inside. About 350 meters from the sea, along the coast road connecting the Cinque Terre with La Spezia, you can find the shrine of the Madonna di Montenero.

About Guardiola Tower, accessible through a path out of town, we can say that is the best beauty spot overlooking the coast and the city. Very interesting is the Environmental Education Centre of Torre Guardiola, whose aim is organizing several events for nature lovers of all ages. Among them is the "Writing Trail" which, through some laps indicated by panels, which invites tourists to express their creativity by writing poems about the beauty of the landscape.

Castle of Riomaggiore: you can reach the fortification of the city, up the steep road from the train station. It was begun in 1260 by the Marquis Turcotti, lord of Ripalta and feudal vassal of this part of the coast, who gave up all these properties to Nicolò Fieschi, after some years, transferred to the Republic of Genoa, who completed the Riomaggiore defense system. The castle has a square base with longer sides with sea views. The boundary wall has two circular towers. The entrance is located between the towers, and a narrow external staircase leads to the control tower of the city, where a large clock was built. Not far away the oratory of San Rocco, built in memory of a plague that touched the community in 1480. During the time the castle was not only normal wear of the elements, but also a modification that changes the original configuration is upwards. In fact, until a few years ago, the inner part of the fortress housed the city cemetery.

Zhangye Danxia Landform - China

There are Many Beautiful and Awesome Places in Different Countries. Many Awesome and Beautiful Places in the World. Here we describe one of the beautiful Place in the World. Most Beautiful Places in the World. Natural beauty is anti matched. Pakistan has world most beautiful to visit, especially at its peak in the northern areas of Pakistan and Kashmir region places. This part of the country is famous worldwide due to high mountains, green sky valleys, mighty rivers, beautiful lakes and amazing wildlife. All these places are real natural beauty of the world. Here then is a list of the best natural places to visit. the naturally beautiful places in all different Countries which are not found these beautiful places around the world. Zhangye Danxia Landform, China is one of the Most beautiful place in the world.

The world is full of amazing things to see, both natural and artificial. There are so many amazing and incredible historical sites built by ancient civilizations, sometimes it is difficult to reduce what are the best. Think of all the lists of the historical wonders there and how different they are sometimes. Each has its own, including me.

Below are my favorite historical sites I believe that every traveler should try to visit at some point (or not do. That depends on you, but I think you should do it). The history of these ruins say is part of the history of mankind, and that is why I love the best.

Danxia landform (China: 丹霞 地貌, pinyin: Danxia dìmào) refers to various landscapes found in the southeast, southwest and northwest China that "consist of a red bed characterized by steep cliffs." It is a unique type of petrographic geomorphology found in China. Danxia landform is formed from sandstones and conglomerates of Cretaceous much red. Landforms are very similar to the karst topography formed in areas overlie limestone, but as the rocks that form danxia are sandstones and conglomerates, which have been called "pseudo-karst" landforms.

the first studies, in what is now known as Danxia landforms in the hill near Shaoguan Danxia, ​​China were held. In the 1920s and 1930s the Chinese geologists made an effort to learn more about these interesting geomorphological structures. Danxia landforms are formed by high continental crust where it has been criticized and eroded, exposing large scarps layered rock red.

Danxia landforms cover several provinces in southeast China. Taining County, Fujian Province, has very good examples of Danxia landforms "young" which have formed deep and narrow valleys. As the landform becomes greater, valleys widen and isolated towers and landform is obtained ridges.The danxia named after Mount Danxia, ​​one of the most famous examples of Danxia landform. A peculiar feature of the landscape danxia is the development of numerous caves of various sizes and shapes. The caves tend to be shallow and isolated, unlike true karst terrain where caves tend to form deep interconnection networks. In 2010, several Danxia landscapes in southern China, with the general name of "China Danxia" were inscribed as a World Heritage Site. The six areas Danxia landform registered are: Monte Langshan and Mount Wanfo (Hunan Province), Mount Danxia (Guangdong Province), Taining and Mount Guanzhi (Fujian Province), Mount Longhu and Guifeng (Jiangxi Province) , Fangyan, Monte Jianglang (Zhejiang province), and the mountain of Chishui (Guizhou province). The total base area 6 has regions above is 73945, and the area total damping is 65,446 ha. Other notable Danxia areas including Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park, are not included in the heritage of humanity.

Tianzi Mountains - China

There are Many Beautiful and Awesome Places in Different Countries. Many Awesome and Beautiful Places in the World. Here we describe one of the beautiful Place in the World. Most Beautiful Places in the World. Natural beauty is anti matched. Pakistan has world most beautiful to visit, especially at its peak in the northern areas of Pakistan and Kashmir region places. This part of the country is famous worldwide due to high mountains, green sky valleys, mighty rivers, beautiful lakes and amazing wildlife. All these places are real natural beauty of the world. Here then is a list of the best natural places to visit. the naturally beautiful places in all different Countries which are not found these beautiful places around the world.

The world is full of amazing things to see, both natural and artificial. There are so many amazing and incredible historical sites built by ancient civilizations, sometimes it is difficult to reduce what are the best. Think of all the lists of the historical wonders there and how different they are sometimes. Each has its own, including me.

Below are my favorite historical sites I believe that every traveler should try to visit at some point (or not do. That depends on you, but I think you should do it). The history of these ruins say is part of the history of mankind, and that is why I love the best.

Located in the northern part of Wulingyuan Scenic Area in Hunan Province, Tianzi (Son of Heaven) Nature Reserve of the Mountain is one of the four attractions in Wulingyuan (three places are the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park , Natural Resources Reserve Suoxiyu and Yangjiajie scenic Area). It covers an area of ​​67 square kilometers (approximately 16,550 acres), and the highest peak is 1,262 meters (about 4,140 feet) above sea level.

Tianzi Mountain offers stunning views of the peaks, which rise one after another. It is known as "the monarch of Peak Forest '. At the top of the mountain, visitors can see the full extent of the scenic area of ​​Wulingyuan. Beautiful mountain scenes greet visitors in different seasons. There are four wonders : the sea of ​​clouds, the glow of moonlight, sunlight and snow in winter.

Tianzi Mountain takes its name from a man, Xiang Dakun. He was the leader of the ethnic Tu, during the last years of the Southern Song (1127 -1279) dynasty. Dakun Xiang led a revolution and confessed himself as Tianzi (Son of Heaven). The visit to this scenic area, visitors can see many sites about their history, the most impressive being: Peak Bi Yu Xian Nü San Hua, and Bing Shen Hui Ju.

With pine trees at the top, the Bi Yu (imperial brushes) peaks soar skyward. Legend has it that brushes are Tianzi-Xiang Dakun used that became the stone peaks after his martyrdom. San Hua Xian Nv (floral tributes fairy) is slightly against Yu Bi peaks. Legend has it that Dakun Xiang and his army were defeated to fall back on Tianzi Mountain. He fought until the end, but finally jumped off the cliff. A girl in love with him went through the mountains in search of him. She scattered flowers on the cliffs and became a stone statue. Hui Ju Shen Bing is a forest of peaks like soldier ready for review.

Visitors can take a cable car to see these peaks charming. With (approximately 2,270 feet) difference of 692 meters' in elevation, the aerial tramway is 2,084 meters (about 2,279 yards) long. The minimum running time is six minutes and twenty-two seconds for a single trip, during which visitors can keep the wonderful mountain scenery Tianzi sight.

The average annual temperature is 12 degrees Celsius, and annual rainfall is 1,800 millimeters. There are about 240 frost-free days. The best months to explore this mountain are April, May, September and October.